So I have written this like the advice Iwould give myself if I could travel back in time or what I really hope to seein the undergrads I want to hire. I hope you don't get discouraged/put off.1 g0 v; X2 c- U( g
我寫的如下這些建議，希望你不要泄氣或厭惡。如果讓我重過一次，我會把它給我自己看。如果現在招人，我會招這樣的學生。
$ Z/ V+ { D8 h* WFirst thing: Solidworks/ProE/AutoCAD/Rhino/Blender/CATIA and GD&T are notskills for degree'd engineers. You don't do a BS/ME for draftsmanship. It'slike putting MS Office on your resume. You can pick that skill up on your owntime.6 k/ O/ S5 z- y, \
第一，Solidworks/ProE/AutoCAD/Rhino/Blender/CATIAand GD&T這些不是拿到學位工程師的技能要求，成為工程師不是一個畫圖員，就像在簡歷上說你會MSoffice一樣，花點時間你能輕松學會它。
& h* Z3 I2 ~- p9 x: A& I4 A3 sSecond thing: I am talking about becoming an engineer here. You know, the kindthat build rockets and microengines (SandiaMEMS Home Page). I have nothing against grades, but I don'tcare very much for them. So I am not talking about getting the best grades.& K! b$ o9 u$ J' g
第二，我們在這說的是成為一個工程師，是那種可以實實在在建造火箭和微型發動機的。我不反對分數制，不是很在乎它，因此這里我不討論如何得最高分。
Now. Here's what you need to acquireproficiency in through your 4-year BS.: n) K& _6 l8 q0 I% }
現在，下面這些是你在大學四年中需要熟練掌握的。8 I( b. O4 G& h; m, i
0. Read Wikipedia.
, j7 F) \# {8 ^ f: p* c閱讀維基百科
, g6 V' Q1 W, T2 } M6 X1. Programming - Start with Matlab/Python. Thengraduate to C++. An example of a programming goal would be to use this tocreate your own computational graphics engines. Why? Because this teaches youabout visualizing vectors, arrays, transforms and leads you tohigher-dimensional algebra. Make sure you can understand and implementRunge-Kutta family of algorithms before you think you are done. Arecommendation would be to ditch Windows and move to some flavour of Linux orMac. You need to understand concepts behind batch/shell scripting and importingopen source scripts to embed inside your own. If you don't do anything else inyour freshman or sophomore years, that's fine. But make sure you master this." B- `2 |% {1 j& C. k. @. \
編程：從Matlab/Python開始，接著C++。舉個例子，要達到用這些語言可以自己編寫一個圖像引擎。為什么？因為這能讓你把矢量、陣列、變換圖形化，并通往高維代數。要確保你能理解和應用Runge-Kutta的算法，這樣才算學好。不要只是用windows，也要領略一下Linux或Mac的風采。要能理解batch/shell腳本語言的原理，并能把利用重要的開源腳本搭建自己的腳本。如果你在一年級或二年級什么事也沒干，確保一定要精通這些。
4 }% i! ?% C2 x: `2 g/ P3 q& D2. Linear algebra anddifferential equations - Now,most ME syllabi force the courses on you early on. But very few MEs trulyunderstand these topics. This is the source of all ME theory. I CANNOT STRESSTHIS ENOUGH! Most ME professors DO NOT understand linear algebra or itsimportance - they will fuck it up for you so you will be confused/avoidderivative topics forever. Don't take these courses offered inside yourdepartment - take them from CS or EE or Math professors. Or learn it fromGilbert Strang on Youtube. Tie this together with your programming to createnumerical simulations. Do NOT take these courses until you are done with yourprogramming.
線性代數和微分方程：現在大部分機械工程的大綱都要求盡早學這門課，但很少有機械工程師能真正理解，它們是機械工程的根本，再怎么強調都不過分。很多機械專業教授都不理解線性代數的重要性，把它教砸，去聽計算機、數學專業老師開的課。或去Youtube聽GilbertStrang 的課。把它和編程結合，進行數值仿真。不要等編程學完，再學它們。' D3 h n9 m1 V$ q- {
* h2 m/ ] ~4 n4 V6 X7 g
3. Statistics - Take this twice. Audit it as afreshman. Then take the course again as a senior. This will be the single mostimportant course you ever take as a professional in any field.
1 G" q+ I! W z4 A, b8 U" q統計學：學兩遍，第一年學，高年級再學。這是唯一一個任何專業都非常重要的一門課。6 v9 M. O7 P- J1 f7 u! C" J
4. Engineering mathematics -The rest of your life depends onthis. Pay attention to spatial transforms, Fourier analysis, Complex analysis,Potential theory, PDEs, Interpolation/curve fitting, optimization theory. Lookfor ways to implement these concepts using your programming skills. If you everwonder about the usefulness of any of this, or you get the choice to skip a fewtopics - you are doing it wrong. Good engineers use these concepts EVERYDAY.
. ^" \& d8 `- u工程數學：空間變換、傅里葉分析、復變函數、位勢理論、偏微分方程組、插值/曲線擬合、優化理論。結合編程技能，實踐它們。如果認為有些沒用跳過去，都是錯誤的。好的工程師每天都用它們。
) L; h* o; D6 L1 h y* L5. Dynamics/Advanced dynamics - Take this in the Physics department.ME profs screw it up here again, they focus on the mechanics of algebraicmanipulation and don't explain concepts very well. Your objective would be tobe able to independently construct FBDs of complex interacting mechanisms, andgenerate classical non/autonomous, non/linear differential equations thatdescribe the time-history of the system. Develop a familiarity with indexnotation and tensors and operator spaces. Your indicial programming experiencewill really help you here.
% F5 b V, d1 c動力學/高等動力學：聽物理系的力學課，機械的教授總是用代數的方法對待力學，對概念解釋不夠好。你的目標是能獨立建立復雜機械的FBDs(應該指自由體受力圖)，能寫出經典的隨時間變化系統的自治/非自治、線性/非線性微分方程，熟悉指標記法，張量和算子空間，你的編程經驗可以幫助你。7 R7 o- E2 o2 J/ N: h
6. Statics/Solid mechanics - Master Timoshenko Goodier/Theory ofelasticity. Even if it takes you the rest of your life. If you got throughpoint 2, you should be able to point out the inefficiency of the SFDs and BMDsand Mohr's circle concepts. Try visualizing the simple cases while cognizantthat life is not simple. Use your programming finesse to program numerical solutionsto your ODEs and equations.
% @( x4 M0 g U" r. c( a3 {, E5 ]靜力學/固體力學：精通鐵木辛柯的彈性理論，即使花去你的余生。如掌握了第2點，你應該能知道SFDs和BMDs的無效和莫爾圓概念。要嘗試把簡單的例子圖形化，其實這并不簡單。使用你的編程技能去解ODEs方程（常微分方程）的數值解。6 F" P# D8 f# S! b: o; k+ g
7. Vibration theory - If you actually got through point 2,you will find this a breeze. All they do here is study a second order,non/homogenous, non/autonomous non/dimensionalized ordinary differentialequation and the effects of parametric variations (mkc, forcing frequency). Ifyou got through 5, you should be able to figure out all the base excitation,seismic perturbation, isolation, rotating machinery concepts. If you gotthrough 6, then plates/beam vibration problems. If you got through 2 & 4,you will be able to work through MDOF systems and all the modal analysistechniques. This is where you segue to coupled SHO/QHO concepts.
; p' |4 Y2 H9 O5 s: Q& y振動理論：如果你熟練掌握了第2點，這會比較輕松。振動理論主要是研究二階、齊次/非齊次、自治/非自治、變參/非變參常微分方程。如你掌握了第5點，你會知道怎么計算響應、地震擾動、減震、旋轉機械等。掌握第6點，可以解決板、梁的振動問題。同時掌握2和4，應能夠解多自由度系統，掌握模態分析方法。在這里還要學習耦合的SHO/QHO概念。; A& i/ p7 x C7 M
8. Thermodynamics/Fluidics - I am not the right person to adviseon these topics. But they are pretty straightforward at the undergraduate leveland mostly applications of differential equations and continuum mechanics.5 j$ ?& t$ e1 X7 h' e) K
熱力學/流體力學：我不適合對這部分內容發表意見，但它們在本科階段并不難，并且主要是應用微分方程和連續介質力學。
* G. r( s' L8 x' J4 e& z$ v- DIf you followed instructions so far, everything else is a straightforwardapplication of what you should have learned by now. That's all you really needto be a degree'd mechanical engineer - math and physics. Everything else is aspecialization and extension of domains from the presented fields into specifictasks. This is also where you start encountering professional jargon. And don'tlet terms/eponyms scare you off.( C; j3 Q* d3 f- f: t8 [1 ^
如果你按上面執行了，以后就是對你上面所學的簡單應用。這是一個機械工程師應該真正掌握的，數學和物理。你以后碰到的一切專業問題，都是特定的任務，只是針對上面領域的應用與擴展，以后你會開始碰到一些的專業術語，不要被專有名詞和術語嚇到。1 K7 o; B$ T) D; {3 H$ ~! z q
Also mechanical engineers don’t generally design machines from scratch –hobbyists and mathematicians do. We follow standards for our industry, mix andmatch components, or use well defined algorithms to create a new one. There areconcepts in kinematic chains, algebraic linkage synthesis and design that areused here. So sure you can read about gears and machinery and 4-bar linkagesand cams and genevawheels, but it is highly improbable that you, as an ME, will create one. It ismore likely that a technician or a sheet metal worker will create somethingutterly brilliant. So if that’s what you want to do, figure on grad school. Youcan however use your solid mechanics skills to design the components towithstand pyrotechnic impacts.$ A0 o) w- N7 N: ?
愛好者和數學家也設計機器，但機械工程師不從零開始。我們遵循工業標準，組合并匹配已有組件，用已有的算法來創造新東西，例如運動鏈、連桿綜合和設計。確保讀過齒輪、機械學、4連桿機構、凸輪、間歇傳動輪。有可能，工程師創造這些機構并不在行，一個技師或工人會做得更好，但你能用固體力學知識去設計好零件，承受極大的沖擊力。
! s7 L' Q9 e/ _) {I skip over manufacturing and 'product engineering' classes because they areshit, when taught in school. You can't master manufacturing sitting in a class,and you certainly are never going to learn enough in school about how to designa full product. Those axiomatic design principles and synectics and productlifecycle management and ideation and Gantt charts and brainstorming processesare bullshit. Nobody in real life does that. Those who do, are not engineers.If you really want to understand manufacturing, skim through ManufacturingProcesses for Design Professionals by Rob Thompson, then go talk with people onshop floors, or watch how it's made on Youtube. If you really want tounderstand the product design process, follow Kickstarter h/w startup stories.
忽略掉’制造’、‘產品工程’課程，因為在學校教這些，毫無價值。你不可能在教室里精通制造，你也不可能在學校學會設計一個好機器。那些公理設計原理、產品生命周期管理、甘特圖、頭腦風暴都是胡說八道。沒人真的那樣做，那樣做的人，不是工程師。如果你想了解制造，粗讀一下RobThompson的《面向設計的制造方法》，去跟車間的人交談，去看youtube上的how it’s made。想去了解產品設計過程，去看Kickstarter。
" a B( X+ t. }3 fDo not ever waste your time on survey or presentation courses. Avoid attendingschool seminars if you are not interested in the topic. You should attend allseminars that promise to show you math or process or cool videos. You want tokeep an ear out for examples and case studies that show explicit details of howsystems get modeled/implemented using math or experiments. Avoid 'design'seminars (usually a peddler from Wharton or Sloan or Kellog) - they are pretty,but pointless.
2 g2 C% p1 o7 u( P6 S( r& ^2 p, `不要浪費時間在概述或介紹類課程上，不要參加不感興趣主題的討論課。應該參加承諾展示你數學、方法或酷視頻的討論課。要時刻關注這樣的案例研究：清楚詳細的展示如何利用數學或實驗對系統進行建模或實現。避免‘設計’研討（通常來自Wharton、Sloan 或Kellog商學院），這些看著美好，但毫無用處。/ u7 R/ j M k
Take all lab classes you can. ALL of them. All you can afford. Pottery too, ifyou have that option. Just drop in to watch other people work if you got thefree time. Pottery as well. Use the equipment there till you break it - You arepaying for it anyway. Make all the mistakes you can ever imagine there. ANDDON'T FUCK AROUND IN THE MACHINE SHOP BRO!!!$ Q& T% T4 x( `2 Z
參加所有實驗課，只要你負擔得起。在實習車間，有空余時間去看別人如何工作。使用哪里設備，直到弄壞，你已經為這買了單。盡可能犯錯，但不要在車間那里打鬧。
: |6 d% s$ U6 o, H) E) c, P2 d% M3 qAmongst other advice, find a PhD student about to graduate every year and getthem to mentor you. Don’t believe in that ‘I am busy’ crap – they all areusually on Quora or editing Wikipedia anyway. I speak from experience. Pickpeople from diverse fields – machine learning, operations optimization, publicpolicy, neurobiology, kernel development … You want to understand what they do,how they do it, what they use to do it and create a possible job network. Youdon’t want seniors to mentor you because, unless they go to grad school, theywill never be in any position to introduce you to great opportunities on timescales relevant to your interests.
* k! H; S1 s( u
9 k f+ e! V0 b) V6 H* _Now, let's talk about being a professional mechanical engineer2 m7 O4 d$ F6 S! a9 k
下面談談如何成為專業的機械工程師
`4 x) }4 r" R8 B- |9. ReadISO/ASME/ASTM/ASTC/ASMI (standardsorganizations) standard practices. That's the only place where they really tellyou how theory meets practice. If you believe your university doesn't provideyou access to those - Sue them! Beg/borrow/steal. Whatever. But if you reallywant to know how things are done; Read the standards. Not the website and theirdiscussion forums. Read the standards.
8 y) T/ b, W: m1 ~5 u, H讀ISO/ASME/ASTM/ASTC/ASMI 這些標準文件，那才能告訴你理論如何滿足實踐，如果你的大學沒有，投訴他們！跪求、借、偷，用任何方法。想要知道事情如果做的，去讀標準，不是在網站或論壇。
1 p8 F* x8 v1 `* i
9 ^5 w, k* P; O后面還有，大家可以自己看吧。4 e1 S0 f5 f8 R( h
' \9 d! d; f z
F- k2 `, B4 k9 _; F" h