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齒輪泵的概念是很簡單的，即它的最基本形式就是兩個(gè)尺寸相同的齒輪在一個(gè)緊密配合的殼體內(nèi)相互嚙合旋轉(zhuǎn)，這個(gè)殼體的內(nèi)部類似“8”字形，兩個(gè)齒輪裝在里面，齒輪的外徑及兩側(cè)與殼體緊密配合。來自于擠出機(jī)的物料在吸入口進(jìn)入兩個(gè)齒輪中間，并充滿這一空間，隨著齒的旋轉(zhuǎn)沿殼體運(yùn)動(dòng)，最后在兩齒嚙合時(shí)排出。
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在術(shù)語上講，齒輪泵也叫正排量裝置，即像一個(gè)缸筒內(nèi)的活塞，當(dāng)一個(gè)齒進(jìn)入另一個(gè)齒的流體空間時(shí)，液體就被機(jī)械性地?cái)D排出來。因?yàn)橐后w是不可壓縮的，所以液體和齒就不能在同一時(shí)間占據(jù)同一空間，這樣，液體就被排除了。由于齒的不斷嚙合，這一現(xiàn)象就連續(xù)在發(fā)生，因而也就在泵的出口提供了一個(gè)連續(xù)排除量，泵每轉(zhuǎn)一轉(zhuǎn)，排出的量是一樣的。隨著驅(qū)動(dòng)軸的不間斷地旋轉(zhuǎn)，泵也就不間斷地排出流體。泵的流量直接與泵的轉(zhuǎn)速有關(guān)。
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) S1 s {& a' a, u0 }% D1 t7 k實(shí)際上，在泵內(nèi)有很少量的流體損失，這使泵的運(yùn)行效率不能達(dá)到100％，因?yàn)檫@些流體被用來潤滑軸承及齒輪兩側(cè)，而泵體也絕不可能無間隙配合，故不能使流體100％地從出口排出，所以少量的流體損失是必然的。然而泵還是可以良好地運(yùn)行，對大多數(shù)擠出物料來說，仍可以達(dá)到93％～98％的效率。
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對于粘度或密度在工藝中有變化的流體，這種泵不會(huì)受到太多影響。如果有一個(gè)阻尼器，比如在排出口側(cè)放一個(gè)濾網(wǎng)或一個(gè)限制器，泵則會(huì)推動(dòng)流體通過它們。如果這個(gè)阻尼器在工作中變化，亦即如果濾網(wǎng)變臟、堵塞了，或限制器的背壓升高了，則泵仍將保持恒定的流量，直至達(dá)到裝置中最弱的部件的機(jī)械極限(通常裝有一個(gè)扭矩限制器)。
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9 \+ `2 d( B/ Y5 r5 A, a對于一臺(tái)泵的轉(zhuǎn)速，實(shí)際上是有限制的，這主要取決于工藝流體，如果傳送的是油類，泵則能以很高的速度轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，但當(dāng)流體是一種高粘度的聚合物熔體時(shí)，這種限制就會(huì)大幅度降低。 2 I! f2 t" d! r- N
推動(dòng)高粘流體進(jìn)入吸入口一側(cè)的兩齒空間是非常重要的，如果這一空間沒有填充滿，則泵就不能排出準(zhǔn)確的流量，所以PV值(壓力×流速)也是另外一個(gè)限制因素，而且是一個(gè)工藝變量。由于這些限制，齒輪泵制造商將提供一系列產(chǎn)品，即不同的規(guī)格及排量(每轉(zhuǎn)一周所排出的量)。這些泵將與具體的應(yīng)用工藝相配合，以使系統(tǒng)能力及價(jià)格達(dá)到最優(yōu)。 3 m% p6 x4 b3 W9 K$ ?* t; e
+ Z$ X3 U1 x, g( V6 r9 W: QPEP－II泵的齒輪與軸共為一體，采用通體淬硬工藝，可獲得更長的工作壽命。“D”型軸承結(jié)合了強(qiáng)制潤滑機(jī)理，使聚合物經(jīng)軸承表面，并返回到泵的進(jìn)口側(cè)，以確保旋轉(zhuǎn)軸的有效潤滑。這一特性減少了聚合物滯留并降解的可能性。精密加工的泵體可使“D”型軸承與齒輪軸精確配合，確保齒輪軸不偏心，以防齒輪磨損。Parkool密封結(jié)構(gòu)與聚四氟唇型密封共同構(gòu)成水冷密封。這種密封實(shí)際上并不接觸軸的表面，它的密封原理是將聚合物冷卻到半熔融狀態(tài)而形成自密封。也可以采用Rheoseal密封，它在軸封內(nèi)表上加工有反向螺旋槽，可使聚合物被反壓回到進(jìn)口。為便于安裝，制造商設(shè)計(jì)了一個(gè)環(huán)形螺栓安裝面，以使與其它設(shè)備的法蘭安裝相配合，這使得筒形法蘭的制造更容易。
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a. j, V# N6 T2 q& r/ D( hPEP－II齒輪泵帶有與泵的規(guī)格相匹配的加熱元件，可供用戶選配，這可保證快速加溫和熱量控制。與泵體內(nèi)加熱方式不同，這些元件的損壞只限于一個(gè)板子上，與整個(gè)泵無關(guān)。
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; f9 Q; _) B. p6 M Y5 \齒輪泵由一個(gè)獨(dú)立的電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)，可有效地阻斷上游的壓力脈動(dòng)及流量波動(dòng)。在齒輪泵出口處的壓力脈動(dòng)可以控制在1％以內(nèi)。在擠出生產(chǎn)線上采用一臺(tái)齒輪泵，可以提高流量輸出速度，減少物料在擠出機(jī)內(nèi)的剪切及駐留時(shí)間，降低擠塑溫度及壓力脈動(dòng)以提高生產(chǎn)率及產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量。
u/ [, V) @6 P8 |( }! LThe concept of gear pump is very simple, that it is two of the most basic form of the same size gear in a close co-operation of mutual engagement with the rotating shell, the shell's internal similar "8" shape, the two gears mounted inside , the diameter of gear and work closely with both sides and shell. From the extruder the material inhaled into the mouth of two intermediate gears, and full of the space, with the teeth along the shell of the rotary movement, the final two hours from the meshing teeth.
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Speaking in terms of gear, also known as positive displacement pump device, that is, inside the cylinder like a piston, when a tooth to another tooth space of the fluid, the liquid was squeezed mechanically to row out. Because the liquid is incompressible, so the liquid and the tooth at the same time will not be able to occupy the same space, so that the liquid has been ruled out. Because of the constant mesh gear, this phenomenon occurs on a row and, therefore, the pump provides a continuous export to exclude the amount of a turn each pump, the volume of discharge is the same. With the continuous rotation of the driveshaft, pump fluid is continuously discharged. Pump flow directly to the speed of the pump.
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" l" |- q0 L9 A5 N5 ~2 _In fact, there is little pump of the fluid loss, which makes the operation of pumps can not achieve 100% efficiency, as these fluids are used to on both sides of bearing and gear lubrication, and the pump body is also not possible with no gap, it can not be so that 100% of fluid discharged from the export, so a small amount of fluid loss is inevitable. However, a good pump can be run out of material for the majority, will still be able to achieve 93% ~ 98% efficiency. - J, k, s1 K2 n5 O+ {/ K8 O
" W: @" k U* YFor the viscosity or density change in the process fluid, the pump will not be affected too much. If there is a damper, for example, in the export side, one row or a limiter filter, pumps will push fluid through them. If the damper changes in their work, that is, if the filters become dirty, blocked, or limiter on the back of the hypertension, the pump will maintain a constant flow, until the device in the weakest parts of the mechanical limit (usually equipped with a torque limiter).
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$ {- G& h/ t/ RFor a pump speed, in fact, there are restrictions, which mainly depends on the process fluid, if the transmission is oil, pump can rotate at high speed, but when the fluid is a high viscosity of the polymer melt, such restrictions will be significantly reduced. ' G r0 c* W$ z1 Y7 h
Promote blood flow into the intake side of the two tooth space is very important, if not fill in this space is full, the pump will not be able to discharge the flow of accurate, so the value of PV (pressure × velocity) is also a limiting factor, and is a process variable. As a result of these restrictions, gear pump manufacturers will provide a range of products, that is, different specifications and emission (per week to the emission of volume). These pumps will fit the specific application of technology to enable the system to achieve optimal capacity and price.
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PEP-II pump shaft gear and a total of one species hardened using technology, will be a longer working life. "D"-type bearing a combination of forced lubrication mechanism, so that the polymer surface by the bearing, and return to the import side of pump to ensure effective lubrication of the rotation axis. This feature reduces the degradation of polymers and the possibility of being stranded. Precision machining of the pump body can "D"-type gear shaft with precision bearings to ensure non-eccentric gear shaft to prevent gear wear. Structure and Parkool PTFE sealing lip sealed water-cooled sealed together. This shaft seal does not actually contact the surface, it is the principle of the sealing polymer to a semi-molten state cooling and the formation of self-sealing. Can also be used Rheoseal sealing, seal it inside the table are reverse spiral groove processing, the polymer can be imported back to the anti-pressure. In order to facilitate the installation, the manufacturer has designed the installation of a ring bolt, so that the flange and install other equipment line, which makes the manufacture of tube flange easier. 1 k* X+ \4 ]: r% A* R8 j! F
6 p' {( }, w9 Q2 w: \PEP-II with a gear pump with the pump to match the specifications of the heating elements for the user matching, which ensures rapid heating and heat control. Heating the body and pump in different ways, the damage to these components is limited to a board, the pump has nothing to do with the whole. # K; {) P: N" d( e* H) \( _
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Gear pump by an independent motor drive, to be effective in blocking the upper reaches of the pressure pulsation and flow fluctuations. Gear pump in the outlet of the pressure fluctuation can be controlled within 1%. In the extrusion production line using a gear pump, can increase the output flow rate of material in the extruder to reduce the shear and residence time to reduce the extrusion temperature and pressure fluctuation in order to enhance productivity and product quality |
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樓主: 生活生存
發(fā)表于 2011-4-7 13:20:41
