For some mechanical design engineers, manufacturing process selection is the last thing they think about during the design process. This is a very bad way to work. The best approach is to keep manufacturing concerns in mind throughout the entire design process. This will result in a design that is easier and less costly to produce.
' X# ]! z+ z- j: [7 n對于一些機械設計工程師來說，生產工藝的選擇是他們在設計過程中的最后一環，也是最后關頭才考慮的東西。然而，這并不是一個正確的觀念。工程師最好在整個設計過程中都充分考慮產品的實際制造環節。這將極大地降低產品生產的難度和成本。
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There are hundreds of manufacturing processes. You are likely to already be familiar with the most common, e.g. casting, forming, molding and machining.
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生產工藝多達上百種。最常見的莫過于鑄造，成型，模塑和加工。
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! r- o' e% a G5 @" n: u% |For any given product, there will be multiple manufacturing processes that you’ll need to select from. The process you choose will depend on many factors called the process selection drivers. These process selection drivers include the following:
1 A. A0 }$ e, Y3 o對于任何給定的產品，都有多個生產工藝，你需要從中選擇。你選擇的工藝取決于許多因素，稱為工藝選擇驅動。這些驅動包括以下幾個：
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產品質量、設備工具成本、時間要求、技術要求·······
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An experienced manufacturer will have a good idea of all the process selection drivers mentioned above. Depending on the product design and manufacturing considerations, a good manufacturer will be able to guide you through the selection process.
5 Y% X3 E4 u3 w' c9 x一個富有經驗的制造商對于上述提到的驅動因素有著良好的把控。出于對產品設計和制造的考慮，一個好的制造商能夠指導你進行工藝的選擇。
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0 J% p' n" ^2 [: M+ {* S5 bFollow the simple procedure below to select the appropriate manufacturing process for a product:
你可以按照下面的簡單程序來選擇適當的產品生產工藝：
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STEP 1: Selection criteria步驟1：選擇標準
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The first step in manufacturing process selection is to establish selection criteria based on key process selection drivers: manufacturing volumes, value of the product, part geometry, required tolerances, and required material. The material choice will be very effective in narrowing your options down. This is because many processes work exclusively with certain materials. For example injection moulding can only be used with polymers, whilst die casting can only be used with metals. Your material choice will instantly rule out a vast number of unsuitable processes.
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生產工藝選擇的第一步是建立基于關鍵工藝選擇驅動的選擇標準：生產量，產品的價值，零件的幾何形狀，所需的公差，以及所需的材料。材料的選擇將非常有效地縮小你的選擇范圍。這是因為許多工藝都是要求特定材料。例如，注塑成型只可與聚合物一起使用，而壓鑄只可與金屬使用。你的材料選擇將立即排除大量不合適的工藝流程。
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The expected manufacturing volume will further narrow down your process options. For a large quantity, a manual production process like manual machining would be completely impractical. Instead you would need to consider an automated process such as molding. The geometry and tolerances required for a product will also filter out many processes that would be unable to achieve the desired accuracy.
! ~- D; D' S9 X1 y3 \- Z' C預期的生產量將進一步縮小您的工藝選項。對于一個生產量比較大的產品，手動的生產過程，如手動加工是完全不切實際的。相反，你需要考慮一個自動化的過程，如模塑。一個產品所需的幾何和公差也將過濾掉許多無法達到所需的精度的工藝。
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STEP 2: Identify processes步驟2：工藝確認
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After applying STEP 1, a smaller range of processes will be available. At this point you should ideally work with an experienced manufacturer to identify those processes that can satisfy the required quantity, material requirements, and part geometry.
在進行步驟1后，將會出現一個較小的范圍。在這一點上，你應該與一個有經驗的制造商再次確認這些工藝，是否可以滿足所需的數量，材料要求和零件幾何。
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! v9 V2 e& b2 Y" C: A& YSTEP 3: Evaluate processes步驟3：工藝評估
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After identifying the potential processes for manufacturing a product, it is time to evaluate them based on less broad parameters, such as process capability, processing time, tooling and equipment cost, degree of automation available, skill required for operation, waste produced after processing, and post processing required. It is a good idea to create a decision matrix with a score or value for each of these important elements.
確認潛在的生產工藝之后，就可以用更窄的參數來評估他們，如處理能力，處理時間，模具和設備的成本，自動化程度，操作所需的技能，處理后產生的廢物，和所需后處理。這時候，可以創建一個決策矩陣以得分或價值來衡量每一個重要的元素。
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STEP 4: Selection 步驟4：選擇
4 e& j6 d7 r" [- I$ g5 j% [! NYou should now be able to use the weighted decision matrix you created in STEP 3 to identify the best process for your application. If you carefully evaluate each element, giving extra weight to those elements that are most important, the result will be a single process that will produce the part required to the standard required for an acceptable cost of production.
您現在應該能夠使用在步驟3中創建的加權決策矩陣，以確定產品的最佳工藝。如果你仔細評估每一個元素，并給予最重要的元素額外的側重，結果將是一個單一工藝流程，符合所需標準及生產成本。
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5 _% j( w" K1 [# r1 i4 U0 jAs mentioned earlier, it is important that you work with experienced manufacturers or a manufacturing engineer to help you identify potential processes, evaluate each process effectively, and select the best process so that you and your customers will be happy with the final product.
如上所述，工藝選擇的關鍵在于你與有經驗的制造商或制造工程師協同工作，以幫助確定潛在的工藝，有效地評估每一個工藝，并選擇最佳的工藝流程，制造出令您和阿您的客戶都滿意的最終產品。
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（機械社區 大君 原創編譯）
發表于 2016-8-30 15:41:43
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